However, these lists have been useful to historians as a partial census of population, a guideline to estimate it, an important tool for genealogists in search of ancestors from before the English Civil Wars, and for academics interested in last name distributions before the civil wars erupted. It happened not once, but three times until the civil wars broke out. Local Population Studies, 60. For an explanation of the background please read the Protestation Oath; The source for this transcription is "Cornwall Protestation Returns 1641" from a transcript (circa 1914) by Reginald Morshead Glencross, additional material by H L Douch, edited and published by T L Stoate 1974; The wildcard (%) is applied by default to the right hand side of some search terms. From this, stemmed the first oath of allegiance to King Charles I and to the Protestant Reformation in the Church of England. lynton and lynmouth - the protestation return of 1641 By the end of 1640, King Charles I had become very unpopular. English Historical Review. Most Englishmen, however, remained Catholic and conflicts and anxiety lingered. "The Trial of Charles I". Starting in 1517, the Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther began the process of ending the Catholic hegemony in Western faith and its political consequences. The antecedents of the Protestation can be divided into political and religious aspects. Although Parliament only asked for the names of men aged over 18, in … (Note: Ornate letters and unusual spellings introduce uncertainties.) It was agreed and ordered on the 3rd May 1641, that every Member of the House of Commons should make a protestation (declaration of loyalty), which the House of Lords also agreed to the following day. trailer May of 1641 it was agreed and ordered that every Member of the House of Commons and the House of Lords should make a protestation (declaration of loyalty) to the crown. By order of the House of Commons, all adult men were asked to swear an oath of allegiance to the Protestant religion in 1642. [15], Following the failure of the 1641 Protestation, the Long Parliament tried two more times to organize an oath of allegiance to King Charles and the Church of England, but they saw the same fate as its predecessor. 35 0 obj <> endobj In 1641 a resolution of Parliament requested all males aged over 18 to take an oath in support of the Crown, Parliament and the Protestant religion, to oppose the “plots and conspiracies of priests and Jesuits” that were allegedly subverting the kingdom. Kelsey (2003). Lists of those taking the oath in each parish were sent to Parliament in 1642. It began in May 1641 with the intention of getting all Englishmen above the age of 18 to swear a vow to defend King Charles I and the Church of England. startxref Lenthall's assumption was that those that refused to do so would be Catholics and thus unfit to occupy an office in the Church or State of England, as well as to facilitate identifying potential backers of King Charles I across England. 0000001822 00000 n PROTESTATION RETURN 1641/2 I n 1642 Parliament ordered all males in England and Wales over the age of 18 to take an oath “ to live and die for the true Protestant religion, the liberties and rights of subjects, and the privilege of Parliament”. This page was last edited on 27 March 2020, at 12:57. Vallance,E., Revolutionary England and the National Covenant: State Oaths, Protestantism, and the Political Nation, 1553–1682. [14] The lists were returned to Parliament later in 1642, being known the Protestation Returns. The Protestation was to be made by everyone and the Rectors, Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor had to appear before the Justices of the Peace in their Hundred to make their protestation and, on returning to their parishes, any two of them were to witness the taking of the Protestation … All who refused to sign were deemed unfit to hold office in Church or Commonwealth. Its intent was to prevent the conflicts between both factions from turning into a costly civil war.[9]. T he English Revolution (1640-60) began in November 1640 when Charles 1st. From then on, Parliament was split into two factions - Royalists (Cavaliers) who supported the King and Parliamentarians (Roundheads) who … However, they had fled and Charles was not able to arrest them for treason. [5] Charles decided to go on the offensive against the Scottish revolt without Parliament and recalled Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford from Ireland to lead his army in Scotland. 0000001450 00000 n This is a disappointment. The Protestation Returns, 1641-1642, and Other Contemporary Listings: Collection in Aid of Distressed Protestants in Ireland; Subsidies; Poll Tax; Assessment Or … this present Protestation contained: and further, that I . The Protestation also fits in the timeline of the English Civil Wars, which shook the realm and altered its relationships. The Protestation was also a part of a context of political, religious, and social anxiety due to intense changes in a short period in England during the Early Modern era. on this page. The Protestation Returns survive for about a third of English counties" I went to see if there would be one for all of Cheshire and it was not listed. GENUKI/Devon is now at http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/DEV http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/DEV The House of Commons had passed the bill on the 21st of April and the House of Lords gave it a second reading on the 27th April. On the 6th May 1641 a Bill was introduced in the House of Commons imposing the signing of the Protestation on all Englishmen of 18 years and above. x�b```�� 2džA���b,@��A%��P��9�H5�6�Ő 30�0�3Z�,��!�@|�f��n-� `)Vf�o@� �-����YIH3���d`6[e�0 �� The following is an extract from the Protestation Return for Winkleigh, Devon, by courtesy of Dr Peter Lyne. The Protestation of 1641 was an attempt to avert the English Civil War. Returns survive only for the University, none for the county. 0000001217 00000 n In 1641, amid fears of the Protestant Reformation being in danger of being undone, alleged Papist plots, and Catholic influence under the court of Charles I, the House of Commons during the Long Parliament was ordered by royal decree to prepare a national declaration to help reduce the tensions across England on the matter. 0000000576 00000 n Strafford had successfully controlled the Irish revolt by convincing the Catholic gentry to pay taxes in exchange of future religious benefits, thus increasing the revenue of Charles I and pacifying Ireland. shall, in all just and honourable ways, endeavour to . Part I, Appendix 3. 0000004644 00000 n At this time, however, Parliament was still focusing its efforts against bad counselors that were blamed for Charles I's failures, and not the King himself. The Protestation Return of 1641/2. The wildcard (%) is applied by default to the right hand side of some search terms. The source for this transcription is "Cornwall Protestation Returns 1641" from a transcript (circa 1914) by Reginald Morshead Glencross, additional material by H L Douch, edited and published by T L Stoate 1974. Had it been successful as an oath of allegiance, its two successors, the Vow and Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant, would not have been necessary. At the end of February or the beginning of March 1641 incumbents read out the Protestation in the parish churches. [18] Further, it prohibited any source of increased revenue for the Crown without Parliament consent, such as Charles I's Ship Tax. [21] As Summer advanced, negotiations between King and Parliament did not lead to fruition and the stalemate remained. However, on 18 January 1642, following King Charles I's attempt to arrest the Five Members of Parliament[12] on 4 January, the speaker of the House of Commons William Lenthall sent out an additional letter to sheriffs across England demanding that all males over 18 years old to take the oath. Transcribed from original returns on microfilm by Tony Higgins. Extracted from Devon Protestation Returns 1641 by A.J. THE PROTESTATION RETURN OF 1641/2 . From then on, Parliament was split into two factions - … [19] Soon, rumors began circulating that Charles I was backing the Irish rebels and that he at anytime would turn against Puritans, just as Strafford had suggested, thus spreading panic across the Puritans. Imagine how great it could be to find a list of our Palin ancestors from 1641 in a new database! 0000002635 00000 n On the 3rd of May 1641, fifteen months before the outbreak of the Civil War, the House of Commons drew up a Protestation Oath with six stated objectives: To defend “the true Reformed Protestant Religion, expressed in the doctrine of the Church of … x�bbba`b``�%0 B Q Extracted from Devon Protestation Returns 1641 by A.J. THE PROTESTATION RETURN OF 1641/2. In 1642 Parliament ordered all males in England and Wales over the age of 18 to take an oath “ to live and die for the true Protestant religion, the liberties and rights of subjects, and the privilege of Parliament”.. One of the purposes of the protestation was to identify Roman Catholics.. Protestation Returns 1641/2 In 1641, Parliament organised a national protest aimed at Charles I. This process lasted until February and March 1642. Their outcome was the beheading of king Charles, the temporary suspension of kingship under Oliver Cromwell's rule, and the English Restoration under Charles II, showing the complexity of events and general social anxiety reigning during Stuart England. T he Commons ordered the printing of the protestation and preamble on the 5th May 1641 and this was distributed by the Members to their counties. Charles I initially refused to sign it, and without his signature Strafford would be safe. In the seventeenth century the year began on 25 March so ‘6 th March 1641′ is towards the end of 1641 and is 6 March 1642 in our calendar. On the other, the Parliamentarians or Roundheads were Puritans that wanted to defend what they thought was the traditional form of Church and State that had been unjustly altered by Charles due to ill advice during his 11 years of personal rule. O ne of the purposes of the protestation was to identify Roman Catholics. The Long Parliament, however, would turn out to be more hostile against Charles I's interests than the Short Parliament had been. %%EOF Further, it was ineffective in uniting the realm under Charles I and averting a civil war, as the English Civil Wars began shortly after. Parliament forced him to make changes in the Constitution which gave them a bigger say in how the country was governed. All males over the age of 18 were required to sign a declaration (or oath) "to live and die for the true Protestant religion, the liberty and rights of subjects and the priviliges of Parliament". On the context of the English Civil Wars, the Protestation is an interesting, but often unexplored topic. Strafford was beloved by Charles I and the king did not want any sort of punishment against him. This page deals with the Protestation Returns 1641-42 for Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely and other associated listings covering 171 parishes. summoned Parliament to help him out of a financial crisis. 35 14 Parliament suspected that Charles I wanted to impose Armianism on them and force them to comply to his royal prerogative by military force. [7] This Parliament is known as the Long Parliament, as it met for twenty years between 1640 and 1660. Those that refused to sign under it were also written in the list and were deemed unfit to sit in a public office. Given the outcome of the conflicts between Charles I and Parliament, it is clear in hindsight that the Protestation failed and was always bound to do so, but for people at the time under the constraints that they were under and being ignorant of the future, the Protestation was a valid try at avoiding a costly civil war. Charles I, attempting to end his Parliamentary problems once and for all, marched into Parliament on 4 January 1642, with 400 soldiers planning to arrest the Five Members of Parliament, leaders behind the demands of Parliament. Purkiss, Diane, The English Civil War: A People's History, London: Harper Perennial, 2007. All males over the age of 18 were required to sign a declaration (or oath) "to live and die for the true Protestant religion, the liberty and rights of subjects and the priviliges of Parliament". Those that were not willing to sign it were also listed under it as refusing to pledge its oath. [4] The House of Commons and the House of Lords instead, led by John Pym, focused instead on protesting against the government and were quickly dissolved by Charles as an attack against the King, being known as the Short Parliament. Carlton, Charles, Archbishop William Laud, London: Routledge and Keagan Paul, 1987. 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